NAD+ / NMN
Also known as: Nicotinamide Mononucleotide · NMN · NAD+ · Nicotinamide Riboside · NR · Niagen
NAD+ precursors that restore declining cellular energy levels, activate sirtuins and PARPs, and support DNA repair — central to the biology of aging.
Overview
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a coenzyme present in every living cell, essential for hundreds of metabolic reactions including energy production, DNA repair, gene expression regulation, and cellular signaling. NAD+ levels decline by approximately 50% between ages 40 and 60, and this decline is now considered a hallmark of aging that contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction, genomic instability, and cellular senescence. NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide) and NR (nicotinamide riboside) are the two primary NAD+ precursors used for supplementation. NMN is converted to NAD+ by the enzyme NMNAT, while NR is first converted to NMN by NRK enzymes. Both have shown remarkable results in animal studies: improved mitochondrial function, enhanced DNA repair, better insulin sensitivity, increased exercise capacity, and reversed markers of aging.
Human trials are accumulating — a 2022 study showed NMN supplementation increased blood NAD+ levels by 38% and improved muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women. The field is rapidly evolving, with ongoing trials examining effects on aging biomarkers, cardiovascular health, and neurodegeneration.
Mechanism of Action
NMN is transported into cells via the SLC12A8 transporter and converted to NAD+ by NMNAT enzymes. Elevated NAD+ activates sirtuins (SIRT1-7) — NAD+-dependent deacetylases that regulate metabolism, stress responses, and longevity pathways. Also supports PARP enzyme function for DNA repair, CD38 for immune signaling, and mitochondrial complex I for energy production. Restores the NAD+/NADH ratio critical for metabolic health.
Key Benefits
Potential Side Effects
Common Stacks
This peptide is commonly combined with the following compounds for synergistic effects:
Known Interactions
The following interactions have been documented for NAD+ / NMN. Always consult a healthcare professional before combining compounds.
Synergistic (8)
5-Amino-1MQ inhibits NNMT (which degrades NAD+) while NMN provides NAD+ precursors. Together they boost cellular NAD+ levels from both sides.
Metformin activates AMPK and improves metabolic health while NAD+/NMN replenishes cellular energy currency. Complementary cellular health support.
SS-31 targets mitochondrial inner membrane (cardiolipin) while NAD+/NMN provides the coenzyme fuel for mitochondrial energy production. Comprehensive mitochondrial support.
NMN provides NAD+ substrate while resveratrol activates SIRT1 (which requires NAD+ as a cofactor). Together they maximize sirtuin-mediated longevity benefits.
Methylene blue acts as an alternative electron carrier in mitochondria while NAD+/NMN replenishes the primary coenzyme. Complementary mitochondrial support.
B12 supports methylation pathways while NAD+ fuels cellular energy production. Complementary cellular energy and repair support.
Glutathione provides master antioxidant protection while NAD+ supports cellular energy and repair. Foundational cellular health stack.
DADA supports dopamine metabolism while NAD+ provides cellular energy. Both support neurological function and may complement each other in cognitive protocols.
Scientific References
Quick Reference
Typical Dose
250-1000 mg/day NMN; 300-600 mg/day NR
Frequency
Once daily, typically in the morning
Route
Oral capsule/powder; sublingual; some IV NAD+ protocols
Half-Life
~2-3 minutes (NMN in blood, rapidly converted); NAD+ tissue levels sustained
Cycle Length
Ongoing daily supplementation; some cycle periodically
FDA Status
Available as dietary supplement (NMN, NR); FDA challenged NMN supplement status in 2022
Need to calculate dosing?
Use our reconstitution calculator to determine exact syringe measurements.
Open CalculatorThis information is for educational purposes only. Consult a qualified healthcare professional before using any peptide. Dosing information reflects commonly reported protocols and may not be appropriate for everyone.
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